A Step Into The Unknown :: Literary Analysis, Dark Star

In his novel, Dark Star, Alan Furst makes an environment that underpins the discouraged and beat down setting encompassing Europe before the beginning of World War II. He can catch our consideration by promptly making nervousness in the discouraged and separated nation of Belgium. Furst can bring us into the psyche of Andre Szara as he enters Ostend, Belgium, depicting the environment as upsetting and tension driven. He presents this climate through the old and rusted tanker, Nicaea, the setting in Ostend, and the assignments that Szara must finish while remaining in Ostend. The multi year old towing boat, Nicaea, speaks to an unexpected street and eventually puts vulnerability according to Andre Szara. In the first place, the environment is promptly set with a dim and frightful standpoint on account of the delineation of the â€Å"tramp freighter† (Furst 3) that travels through the water with an unmistakable thunder of the motor, over controlling the sound of conflicting waves. The historical backdrop of the Nicaea recognizes the components utilized by Furst to show environment. It’s profound depiction demonstrates it has spent â€Å"blistering summers and sprinkling winters† (3) throughout the years to be demolished by salt and rust. Mature age has the boat â€Å"[creaking] and [groaning] sorrowfully† (4). The unfortunate condition makes an unwanted environment that utilizes vulnerability with regards to whether the boat can continue. Salame 2 The climate assumes a significant job in molding the air in Ostend. The climate can be utilized adequately while introducing a specific air since it can direct the mind-set. While going on the North Sea, Szara and Khelidze were joined by â€Å"rain† (3) and â€Å"darkness† (3), uninformed of what lies ahead. With murkiness, comes dread since its prompting the unforeseen. The Nicaea has likewise been adrift for nineteen days through a â€Å"eternity of cold, seawater showers† (5). The climate hints a dim future and keeps up the vulnerability of what lies ahead. Similarly significant, Andre Szara is given a task yet doesn't have the foggiest idea why, further adding to the tension and negligence for any outcomes. Szara’s task is to discover where his kindred traveler on the towing boat, Grigory Khelidze, is remaining in Ostend. Szara has no clue about why he should discover where this man is staying, along these lines making a feeling of bewilderment. It is as though Szara has been set out on to a winding and unforgiving way that leaves no sign or signs with regards to where it will lead him.

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Ethics and Decision Making Essay Example

Morals and Decision Making Essay Section I WHAT IS ETHICS? Every general public structure a lot of decides that sets up the limits of general acknowledged conduct. These standards are frequently communicated in proclamations about how individuals ought to carry on, and they fit together to shape the MORAL CODE by which a general public lives. The term MORALITY alludes to a social shows about good and bad that are so broadly shared that they become the reason for a set up agreement. Meaning OF ETHICS: ETHICS †is an allowance of faith based expectations about good and bad conduct inside a general public. Moral conduct adjusts to commonly acknowledged standards huge numbers of which are practically widespread. Excellencies †are propensities that grade individuals to do what is adequate. Indecencies †a re propensities if Unacceptable conduct. THE IMPORTANCE OF INTEGRITY: Your ethical standards are proclamations of what you accept to be rules of right lead. An individual who acts with respectability acts as per an individual code of standards. One of the foundations of Ethical conduct is to reach out to all individuals a similar regard and thought that you hope to get from others. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MORALS, ETHICS, AND LAWS MORAL’s are one’s individual convictions about good and bad while the term ETHICS portrays principles or codes of conduct expected of a person by a gathering to which an individual has a place. LAW is an arrangement of decides that mention to us what we should or shouldn't do. Morals IN THE BUSINESS WORLD Ethics has ascended to the highest point of the business plan on the grounds that the dangers related with wrong conduct have expanded, both in their probability and in their latent capacity negative effect. A few patterns have improved the probability of dishonest conduct. first more prominent globalization nd †in today’s necessionary financial atmosphere, associations are incredibly challenge to look after benefits. WHY FOSTERING GOOD BUSINESS ETHICS IS IMPORTANT 1. Picking up the positive attitude of the network. 2. Making an association that works reliably. 3. Cultivating great strategic approaches. 4. Shielding the association and its workers from lawful activity. 5. Maintaining a strategic distance from horrible exposure. Picking up THE GOOD WILL OF THE COMMUNITY Although association exist principally to acquire benefits or offer types of assistance to clients, they likewise have some basic obligations in a proper proclamation of their company’s standards or convictions. We will compose a custom exposition test on Ethics and Decision Making explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Ethics and Decision Making explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Ethics and Decision Making explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Making AN ORGANIZATION THAT OPERATES CONSISTENTLY Organizations create and comply with qualities to make an authoritative culture and to characterize a reliable methodology for managing the necessities of their partners, workers, clients, providers and the network. Numerous organizations share the accompanying qualities: †¢Operate with genuineness and trustworthiness †¢Operate as per guidelines of moral lead, in words and activity †¢Treat partners, clients, and buyers with deference †¢Strive to be the best at what makes a difference most to the association †¢Value decent variety †¢Make choices dependent on realities and standards Shielding the Organization and it’s Employees from Legal Action In a 1909 decision the U. S. Preeminent Court set up that a business can be considered liable for the demonstrations of it’s representatives regardless of whether the workers demonstration in a way in spite of corporate approach and their employer’s bearings. Dodging Unfavorable Publicity The open notoriety of an organization firmly impacts the estimation of its stock, how shopper respect it’s item and administrations, the level of oversight it get from the administration offices, and the sum backing and collaboration it gets colleagues. Encouraging Good strategic approaches As a rule, great morals can mean great business and improved benefits. Organizations that produce sheltered and successful items maintain a strategic distance from expensive reviews and claims. Organizations that offer great assistance hold their clients as opposed to losing them to contenders. Improving Corporate Ethics Only one of every four associations has s very much executed morals and consistence program. Qualities of an effective morals program; †¢Employees are eager to look for guidance about morals issues †¢Employees feel arranged to deal with circumstance could peruse to unfortunate behavior †¢Employees are for moral carry on Employees feel emphatically about their organization Delegating a Corporate Ethics Officer Provides an association with vision and administration in the are of business direct. Association send an away from to workers about the significance of morals and consistence in their choice about who will be responsible for the exertion a to whom that individual will report. Explicit duties incorporate; †¢Responsibility for consistence that is guaranteeing the moral methods are instituted and reliably clung to all through the association. †¢Responsibility to making and keeping up the morals culture that the most elevated level of corporate power. Duty regarding being a key information and contact individual on issues identifying with corporate morals and standards. Moral Standard set by Board of Directors The top managerial staff is liable for the cautious and capable administration of an association. The board satisfies some of it’s obligations legitimately and dole out others to different advisory groups. Building up a Corpor ate Code of Ethics A code morals is an explanations that features the association key moral issues and recognizes the general qualities and rules that are imperative to the association and its dynamic. Model; Intel Conducting Social Audits An association surveys how well it is meeting its moral and social duty, objectives, and conveys its new objective for the forthcoming year. Expecting Employees to take Ethics Training Today, most therapists concur that the old Greek logicians accepted that individual feeling about good and bad conduct could be improved through instruction. Lawrence Kohlberg, the late Harvard clinician, found that numerous components animate person’s moral turn of events, yet perhaps the most territory is instruction. Making an Ethical Work Environment Most representatives need to play out their occupations effectively and morally however great business at some point settle on terrible moral decisions. Remembering Ethical Consideration for Decision Making Develop a Problem Statement A difficult articulation is a reasonable, succinct portrayal of the issue that should be tended to. One must accumulate and examine realities to build up a decent issue articulation. Look for data and conclusions from an assortment of individuals to widen your edge of reference. Recognize Alternatives The phase of dynamic, it is perfect to enroll the assistance of others, including partners to distinguish a few choices answers for the issue. During conceptualizing process make an effort not to be condemning of thoughts. Assess and Choose Alternatives Evaluating dependent on various standards, for example, viability at tending to the issue, the degree of hazard related with every elective expense, and time execution. The option chose ought to be morally and lawfully solid: be reliable with the organization’s arrangements and codes of morals; consider the effect on others; and, obviously give a decent answer for the issue. Four normal ways to deal with moral dynamic Approach managing to moral issues : Standards Virtue morals approach the moral decision best reflects moral temperances in yourself and in your locale. Utilitarian Approach the moral decision produce the best abundance of the advantages over mischief. Decency Approach the moral decision treats everybody the equivalent and shows no kindness or separation. Regular Good Approach the moral decision progresses the basic merchandise. Prudence Ethics Approach The ideals morals way to deal with dynamic spotlights on how you ought to carry on and consider relationship on the off chance that you are worried about your day by day life I a network. It can likewise be applied to the business world by likening the temperances of a decent businessman. Utilitarian Approach The utilitarian way to deal with the moral dynamic expresses that you ought to pick the activity or the strategy that has the best by and large ramifications for all the individuals who are legitimately or in a roundabout way influenced. Decency Approach The decency approach centers o how decently and arrangements disperse advantages and weights among all individuals influenced by the choice. Basic Good Approach The benefit of everyone way to deal with dynamic depends on a dream of society as a network whose part cooperate to accomplish a typical arrangement of qualities and objectives. Execute Decision Once the choices are chosen, it ought to be actualized in a productive, successful and ideal way. Assess the Results Monitor the outcomes to check whether the craving impact was accomplished, and watched the effect on the association and the different partners.

Summary and response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Synopsis and reaction - Essay Example le media, for example, television, books, PCs, mp3 players and computer games by kids in the United States are refered to, and questions are raised with respect to the best possible reaction to such developing issues. A short survey is provided, and perusers are welcome to test themselves against these inquiries to see whether they experience the ill effects of web fixation. The writers finish up with some guidance in regards to early intercessions and treatment and there is a reference list with valuable hotspots for additional perusing. This is an educational article which clarifies the connection between web use and different kinds of conduct which can be very ordinary when completed with some restraint, yet become neurotic when taken to an extraordinary. It offers great guidance on a fairly shortsighted level and this makes it appropriate overall population readership. The article portrays what web dependence is, the way it can influence individuals, and what to do about it, yet there is no thought of the reasons for this issue or any measurement on patterns across nations and through time. The creators posed the inquiry whether web fixation is a pandemic or a prevailing fashion, yet they didn't completely respond to this inquiry. They concede that it is an issue â€Å"for in any event as subset of web users† (Jaffe and Uhls, 2011, p.1) however it is difficult to tell how genuine or broad this issue is. I might want to have seen a more profound examination of the reasons why individuals are so attracted to the web and what the greater ramifications are for American way of life and culture now and later on. Jaffe, Adi and Uhls, Yalda T. â€Å"Internet Addiction †Epidemic or Fad?: Can individuals truly get dependent on the blessed internet?† Psychology Today. November 17, 2011. Accessible at:

Homeland Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Country Security - Essay Example Osama energized the jihadist in Afghanistan to keep seething war towards United States and debilitated it. The technique was to urge the individuals to ascend against rulers he thought about harsh, as the USA would be powerless and unfit to help the rulers on account of a revolt. Osama container Laden considered the Arab spring as an imposing occasion because of the size and energy the occasion had picked up and expelling of a few rulers in Northern Africa. Osama canister Laden had no firm grasp power over most territorial Jihadist bunches at the hour of his demise. He even wrote to the group’s begging them to change their tack ticks and maintain a strategic distance from the silly slaughtering of Muslim siblings. The jihadist bunches just swore devotion to al-Qa'ida however were free in the choices made and the hierarchy of leadership. Al-Qa'ida just gave preparing fields in Afghanistan yet once the Jihadist left the camp they were at freedom with dynamic and to act in any way they like2. Donald Taylor and Michael King in their investigation portray radicalization process utilizing five radicalization models yet center around three regular characteristics in all the models. The three are critical to their investigation as they relate legitimately to the fundamental explanation there are homegrown jihadists. These attributes are the condition of being in hardship, individual describes that relate more to Jihadists belief system and individual battle to discover a personality. Ruler and Taylor caution against utilizing methodologies and models that have not been approved can be counterproductive and due to the people feeling misled. The two caution that the vast majority of these models were created after 9/11 and depend ON social-mental procedures alone. The position received by numerous Jihadists is amendable since it fundamentally centers n social issues and purposeful publicity that can be neutralized. The story is additionally dependent upon exact research so as to comprehend the primary explanation individuals join Jihadist developments. There is something else entirely to it than what meets the eye,

Argumentative Essay Topics For Elementary Students

Argumentative Essay Topics For Elementary StudentsArgumentative essay topics for elementary students should be thought-provoking, but simple and clear. There are five essential areas to a good argument that you will want to incorporate into your elementary students' essays. Once you have chosen your argumentative essay topics for elementary students, you will then want to apply those topics to the essay topic.What are the areas of discussion and argument that can be used in a classroom setting? You may be surprised by how many elementary students have different ways of approaching the subject of their school. Your students may have different interests than your own, but they should still be able to take an issue and turn it into an argument.It is important that teachers of elementary students are able to teach them at a level that is understandable to all students. The same is true for how they approach arguments in the classroom. Your goal with writing an argumentative essay topic f or elementary students is to teach them how to form arguments that will help them succeed in life. These essays can be very helpful in how to think about issues and how to look at a situation from a different perspective.One way to get an argumentative essay topics for elementary students started is to start with a well-known argument. When you do this, make sure that the reader will be able to see your argument within a few sentences. Of course, the main purpose of this argumentative essay topic for elementary students is to provide them with examples and information about the argument. In fact, the focus should be on what you want the reader to learn and how to incorporate this information into your overall point.Beginning elementary students are likely going to have little to no knowledge of how to write coherent arguments. You should then use the examples that you give them to help them understand and integrate the different elements that are involved in the argument. You will w ant to combine all of these elements together in order to create an argument.By using argumentative essay topics for elementary students, you will be able to expose them to different ideas. In addition, you will provide them with tools that will allow them to express their opinions clearly. Make sure that you are providing your students with enough information to make a strong case for their points.Argumentative essay topics for elementary students are often quite difficult to write. For example, it is very easy to get carried away when discussing certain issues, but it is essential that you stick to what you are saying. You want to make sure that your message is clear and that the information that you are providing them with is completely relevant.In order to effectively teach your students about the arguments that you want them to make, you will need to write argumentative essay topics for elementary students. Once you have chosen the topic of your essay, you should write it in su ch a way that your students can easily apply what you have written to their lives. It should also be clear and concise in order to help you avoid plagiarism.

The Personal and Private in Medieval Dream Visions - Literature Essay Samples

The dream-vision appears personal and private. DiscussDespite their frequent internal contradictions and their transitive, pseudo-empirical character, dreams can make inexplicably authoritative claims to factuality. Accordingly, the dream-vision writers of the late medieval period recognised that the dream-worlds transcendental interiority presented them with a conceptually uninhibited and immediate setting for fantastic secular allegory and religious mysticism. Although every dream-vision appears personal on a basic level through the necessity of an I-persona to recount the events involved, the presence of the text itself as an object of dissemination must limit any notion of privacy. It may be contended, however, that the first-person narrative serves primarily to create verisimilitude through an analogy between the naturally occurring dreams of the reader and the poetically constructed account of the dream-vision. The extent to which dream-visions are individual and subjective exp eriences can best be explored through an analysis of specific texts from the period.Geoffrey Chaucers (c.1345-1400) The Parliament of Fowls is a classic dream-vision, with the dreamer becoming an involuntary witness to a series of strange, symbolic events for most of the poems duration. The helplessness of the dreamer is exemplified when he ponders two contradictory inscriptions above a wicker gate: til Affrycan, my gide, me hente and shof in at the gates wide (l.153). This seems to function as a metaphor for the very personal dream-sensation of being impelled uncontrollably forward in the narrative. The speaker is initially [f]ulfyld of thought and busy hevynesse and attempting a certeyn thing to lerne a task to which he returns after the dream in othere bokes. A. C. Spearing holds that the poem is truly dreamlike, in that it solves the Dreamers problemsin the very act of reflecting them[t]he thing sought is surely found in the dream itself. The lesson of the dream, for Spearing a t least, is particularly relevant to the dreamer because the action essentially takes place in his head and relates to his peculiar problems. The dreamer may be suffering from some very private worries that are elucidated by a very private dream, but the allegory and revelation deal with overt matters of social interest like [t]he lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne and the assay so hard (l.1). Just as Chaucers foules of ravine are a traditional representation of the aristocracy, so the apparently personal superstructure may operate symbolically, elucidating the relationship between broad social concerns and individual members of society.John Lydgates (c.1371-1449) The Temple of Glass features a uniquely impotent dreamer whose witness of a cour damour is a personal vision only by virtue of Lydgates employing the first person narrative voice. There is nothing before the dream that is peculiarly relevant to Venus solving the worries of a pair of fairy-tale lovers. That we are tol d Lucyna with hir pale light [w]as joined last with Phebus in Aquare (l.5) is not thought to have any metaphorical or psychological subtext, and according to Derek Pearsall [s]tarting a poemis Lydgates particular nightmare, when the infinite of possible things to be said presses upon him. The separation between the waking section of the poem and the dream is such that the dreamers state of mind is totally obfuscated. The dreamer seems to drift passively through a quasi-Chaucerian landscape without interacting with anything specific or discovering anything about himself. The knight, Margaret and Venus all have very long speeches, but nothing in them is personally germane to the dreamer; they deal primarily with issues of general courtliness and little more. As A.C. Spearing puts it, [i]n The Parliament of Fowls we found Chaucer was employing in a poem the very manner of thinking that is found in dreamsthrough sequences of concrete images but I do not believe that the picturesque det ails of The Temple of Glass have any such purpose (173). The title of the poem serves to demonstrate Spearings point: the glass temple may recall the icy peak in Chaucers The House of Fame, but does not seem to possess any broader symbolic resonance.Without much connection between the dreamer and the action it might well be asked why Lydgate put the events of his poem into a dream at all and indeed there is no emotional dynamism underpinning the events described. Lydgates poem lucidly demonstrates that although all dream-visions rely on a first person, a significant psychological or mystical linkage between the dreamer and the dream is needed to create any feeling of privacy or personality. Unlike in The Temple of Glass, the events prior to sleep in The Parliament of Fowls have some bearing on the content of the dream, which intensifies the psychological realism. Before going to bed and dreaming of Scipio Afrrycan at his bedside, Chaucers dreamer reads Ciceros The Dream of Scipio, clearly indicating that Chaucer considered dreams to be mental apparitions with some origination in the material world. Chaucers poem is possibly more personal than Lydgates because of the prominence of a stream of consciousness and of genuine absurdity.The privacy of a dream-vision may also be called into question when the subject matter is widely known to relate to a real-life event. Chaucers The Book of the Duchess is strongly suspected to be a memorial piece for the death of John OGaunts first wife, Blanche. Although the dream is written in the first person, the focus is on a man in blak who is mourning the death of his lady bright. If Chaucers audience were acquainted with Gaunt and his situation, they would have instantly recognised the allusion and the precise metaphorical engineering of the poem. The issue of Blanches death is intentionally brought to public consideration, and the poem may have fulfilled a socially cathartic function. The privacy of the dream narrative serve s as a mere foil for a wider, more serious discussion, the heart of which is the personal grief of John OGaunt, who is thought to have been Chaucers patron. The very convention of named allegorical characters seems to connect the subject matter of the poem with the academic and recreational debates of the period and to lessen the idiosyncrasy of the dreamt occurrences.The classification of dreams has, as Professor E.H. Cooper has observed, changed from Macrobius system of two sets one significant, the other insignificant to the colloquial modern distinction between paradisal dreams and horrific nightmares. The dream-vision genre deals exclusively with significant dreams (i.e. those that have an encoded meaning), but also draws extensively on views of heaven and concepts of the absurd. In Chaucers The Book of the Duchess, the speaker arrives in his dream in my bed al naked, but in a moment was right glad andtook my horse and forth I wente out of my chambre without pausing to get dr essed or make his horse ready at his bedside. Although this seems bizarre in recitation, it makes sense in the irrational context of the dream and is indicative of the relative epistemic standards of the suppressed personal subconscious that penetrate and pervade the resting imagination during sleep. The illogicality of the oneiric narrative may be familiar to the reader in a general sense, but the specific non-sequiturs serve to reinforce its fundamentally inaccessible and subjective nature.Numerous distinctions may, of course, be drawn between dreams and dream-visions. The word dreams may refer simply to imaginations during sleep, whereas dream-visions can imply a particular group of literary artifacts, as well as dreams which have an ostensible revelatory effect and which impart noetic information about the true state of reality. Some dream-visions, like those of Julian of Norwich are in essence absolutely personal because of their ineffability, the material text providing the ph ysical starting point for metaphysical experience and meditation. The layered allegory of William Langlands (c.1330-1386) The Vision of Piers Plowman contains many complex metaphors that combine to describe a broad theological, political, and mystical organon. The individually fantastic elements and the transcendent biblical experiences are indirect signifiers of something less tangible and less capable of expression. The reader can perceive the symbols and the imagery but cannot apprehend the central mystery upon which everything is dependent, a fact that Langland recognises when he has Piers describe the route to the shine of St Truth as culminating in the heart of the believer (entailing perhaps an implied beatific vision). Ineffability is of perpetual import in the religious dream-visions of the period, but the secular mode, although it possesses the same stylistic formalism and convention, may invite a more philosophical literary analysis.In practice, many religious dream-visio ns have a very private subject matter, but because the whole poem can function as a metaphor for something that necessarily transcends univocal expression, the text itself need not appear quite so private. Similarly, secular dream-visions may openly discuss an issue of wide social importance but also be wrestling with an idiosyncratic interiority that would be far less accessible to the analytical reader. The essential fact that may make dream-visions more personal than other forms of literature is that only one person can experience each dream at a given time and that, as a consequence, dream vision-literature must be written in the first person. The question is then, are first-person dream narratives necessarily conducive to an appearance of privacy and personality in this period?In The Book of the Duchess, the man in blacks final, dreadfully simple she ys ded, which brings the piece to its close, seems to reveal the purpose of the entire composition. Right after this, they gan to strake forth; al was doon, [f]or that tyme, the hert hunting, indicating that the attempts of the dreamer to denude the cause of the knights grief have mirrored a hunt, or perhaps, to a lesser extent, the earlier chess motif. The abrupt end of the poem signifies that the purpose of the dream-vision was to bring about the plain expression of a painful truth. The fact that the goode faire White is dead is initially private, like the dreamers insomnia, but is drawn out, just as the dreamer in drawn into the dream world and the hunt. Throughout the poem the private is subverted and made public, while the first-person narrative becomes less evident because of the knights extended speech. Likewise, The Temple of Glass maintains a first-person structure but describes characters and speeches that can be more easily related to the reader than to the dreamer. The true privacy of dream-visions is in that which is not explicitly promulgated, and this can only ever be implied by the text itself . In secular dreams the topic of courtly, allegorised love cannot help but be pervasive, whereas in religious visions the ineffability of the mystery separates the reader from the central topic. This is the case in The Parliament of Fowls, in which the contrast between the elongated courtship of the eagles and the alacrity with which ech of hem [the other birds] gan in wynges take, [a]nd with here nekkes ech gan other wynde has directly satirical implications. Non-specific social satire such as this is never a personal matter and helps demonstrate that first-person structure does not entail a wholly personal poem.Although dreams are irrational interior experiences, there is a common belief running from the Biblical texts of Joseph and Nebuchadnezzar, to the medieval writers and into modern psychoanalysis that dreams can be profoundly enlightening. However, this personal sensation of changed perspective or epiphany, looking either into the subconscious or the transcendental divine, i s not easily communicated in a text. Also, dream writers systematically order their poems and utilise symbolism from biblical and classical sources, which contrasts with the pandemonium of most real dreams. The dream-vision as a poem becomes something independently significant that does not possess the unique personality of the real-life phenomenon. The dream structure is a framing narrative within which the speaker is often forgotten about in the complexity of the vision. The similarity between dreaming and the creative act means that the expression and verbalisation of ideas is an attempt to render the abstract communicative and make it fundamentally more public. The first-person voice must inevitably instill dream-vision literature with an inchoate privacy, but the description of the dream draws us into the fantasy, an arena of shared experience where the differences between individuals can be as easily elucidated as the similarities.BibliographyBenson, Larry D., Ed. The Riversid e Chaucer. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1987.Boffey, Julia. Fifteenth-Century English Dream Visions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003.Pearsall, Derek. John Lydgate. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd, 1970.Spearing, A.C. Medieval Dream Poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1976)Windeatt, B.A. Chaucers Dream Poetry: Sources and Analogues. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 1982.

What Are Ag-Gag Laws and Why Are They Dangerous

In 2011, bills to prohibit undercover videos of farms were introduced in several state legislatures including Florida, Iowa, Minnesota and New York. These ag-gag laws, a term coined by Mark Bittman, all prohibited the making of undercover videos, photographs and sound recordings, although they differed in terms of penalties and which other activities were also prohibited. None of the bills passed in 2011, but Iowas ag-gag bill passed in 2012 and other ag-gag bills have been introduced in other states. Kansas was the first state to enact an ag-gag law, in 1990. Montana and North Dakota followed in 1991. These bills are troubling not only to animal protection activists, but also to those concerned with food safety, labor issues, free speech, and freedom of the press. The bills would apply equally to journalists, activists, and employees. By prohibiting any type of undercover recordings, a farms own employees would be prohibited from attempting to record food safety violations, labor violations, sexual harassment incidents or other illegal activity. First Amendment concerns were raised because the MN bill would have prohibited the broadcast of undercover videos, and the FL bill originally prohibited any unauthorized photos or videos of a farm, including those shot from a public street. Undercover photos and videos have been used extensively by the animal protection movement to expose farming cruelty, whether the activity is legal or illegal. These bills are a reaction to the bad publicity that erupts whenever a new undercover video is released. Proponents of the bills claim that they are necessary to protect agricultural interests, and if animal cruelty or any illegal activity is taking place at a facility, the employees can notify authorities. There are several problems with this argument. Notifying authorities and waiting for authorities to get either a warrant or permission to enter the premises gives the wrongdoers a chance to cover up the problem. Cruel practices that are legal will likely not be reported or exposed. Also, employees wont report themselves to authorities and might be hesitant to report their co-workers and supervisors. However, if the farms treated the animals better, they wouldnt have to worry about undercover videos. Matt Rice of Mercy for Animals points out: Legislation should focus on strengthening animal cruelty laws, not prosecuting those who blow the whistle on animal abuse . . . If producers truly cared about animal welfare, they would offer incentives to whistleblowers, install cameras at these facilities to expose and prevent animal abuse, and they would work to strengthen animal abuse laws to prevent animals from needless suffering. Paul Shapiro, senior director of farm animal protection for The HSUS, states, These draconian bills to silence whistle-blowers show just how far the animal agribusiness industry is willing to go, and just how much the industry has to hide. Undercover videos are important not just for educating the public, but also because they can be used as evidence in animal cruelty cases. According to Katerina Lorenzatos Makris of Examiner.com, Castro County DA James R. Horton said that without the footage from Mercy for Animals (MFA) we wouldn’t have anything in terms of evidence against the suspects in the beating deaths of dairy calves at E6 Cattle Co. in Hart, Texas. In West Virginia in 2009, three employees at Aviagen Turkeys were charged with felony animal cruelty as a result of an undercover video by PETA. While some members of the public will demand animal welfare reforms after seeing factory farming videos, animal rights are about whether humans have a right to use non-human animals for our purposes, regardless of how well the animals are treated.

Essay Tchaikovsky - 1429 Words

Tchaikovsky ATchaikovsky=s music is not only one of the cornerstones of Russian musical society and world music . . . It is at the same time a creative and technical encyclopedia to which every Russian composer has reference in the course of his own work,@ commented Dimitri Shostakovich.1 This was a typical view held by Tchaikovsky=s contemporaries. He was well known and well respected, especially in his later years. In addition, Tchaikovsky was recognized as the most expressive Romantic composer in Russia.2 He was often idolized and put on a pedestal, particularly during his tour of the United States in 1891 when he conducted concerts of his own works in some of the leading concert halls. Tchaikovsky brought national attention to†¦show more content†¦Petersburg. When he was fourteen years old, a major cholera epidemic was raging through Russia, a quite common occurrence during his lifetime. His mother contracted the disease and subsequently died. Tchaikovsky was completely shattered by her death. AIt is likely that the emotional imbalance that characterized Tchaikovsky=s throughout his life dates from this tragedy.@4 He remained a clerk for three years. He hated his job but he worked feverishly at it for he worked hard at every task he was given. He continued to be drawn into the music world and he took piano and theory lessons. Finally, in 1862, he quit his job and devoted the rest of his life to music which he began by entering the St. Petersburg Conservatory. He graduated with a silver medal in 1865. After graduation he was unsure of what to do until 1866 when Nicholas Rubenstein offered him the job of professor of harmony at the newly formed Moscow Conservatory. It was here that he wrote his first serious works which included AA Festival Overture on the Danish National Hymn,@ his First Symphony in G AWinter Daydreams,@ and his first opera AThe Voyevode.@ Showing his desire for perfection he tore up the opera because he was dissatisfied with it and it wasn=t until 1949 that it was revived.5 Tchaikovsky=s first masterpiece was composed from 1869-1870. It was a symphonic fantasy based on Shakespeare=s Romeo and Juliet. ARomeo and Juliet@ was the first of Tchaikovsky=s works in which his superblyShow MoreRelatedBeethoven and Tchaikovsky2680 Words   |  11 PagesBeethoven and Tchaikovsky While Ludwig van Beethoven and Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky have much in common, they also have many differences. Both men are famous for their orchestral compositions and their future influence on other composers. They experienced a blend of horrible failures and great successes. 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Applying Theoretical Interventions For Clients...

Applying Theoretical Interventions for Clients Experiencing Life Transition and Developmental Issues Valencia W. Wright Marriage, Couple, and Family Therapy HUMN – 6356 – 3 Dr. E. Roberts Walden University April 24, 2016 The purpose of this movie is to take a closer look at the subject matter of the 1979 movie Kramer vs. Kramer. I will be observing at the overall plot of the film, the different subtle moments the affected the plot and what results changed the characters. Therefore, I will give my own statements on the overall tone and conclusion of the movie. The overall plot of the movie is the image of the father transforming and dealing with being a single parent and handling being a full time advertising executive. With the beginning scene of the mother exiting displays she felt like her life was dwindling away as a wife and caregiver and that’s when the father had to take on the full load. 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The Social Origins Of Marxism - 3246 Words

DOES EXPLORING THE SOCIAL ORIGINS OF MARXISM ASSIST IN UNDERSTANDING ITS STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES? Marx is credited as being one of the founding fathers of sociology and the social sciences (along with Durkheim and Weber). Marx lived through the majority of the 19th century (1818-1883), when the Industrial Revolution and capitalism were at their peak, and his work was a critical analysis of this relatively new form of society. The aim of this essay is to explore the social origins of Marx’s theories with a look to assess how useful these social origins are when it comes to understanding the strengths and weaknesses of his theories. I will first briefly describe some of Marx’s most well known theories of Human Nature, the Proletariat and†¦show more content†¦The products of human work are the ‘objectification’ of an individual’s human nature; the individual is in what he makes and through this objectification we ultimately come to understand ourselves (ibid: 92). Furthermore, the application of the human mind’s unlimited conceptual abilities to our work means an unconstrained life with unlimited possibilities, and therefore work is what liberates the human. This is how Marx comes to theorise that work is the distinctive essence of his human nature that sets us apart from all other species. However, Marx writes that capitalism has warped this sole idiosyncrasy of humans by placing an individual’s work at the center of his/her survival; it has constrained work to the means by which we survive, just like an animal, hence Marx’s assertion that in a capitalist society the individual erroneously feels most free in the ‘animal’ aspects of life like eating, sleeping, and propagating: â€Å"What is animal becomes human, and what is human becomes animal† (Marx, 1964; cited from ibid: 95); Marx sees this as problematic for society. ‘Free labour’ can only be achieved once the ‘animal aspects’ of life are satisfied (ibid.), but Marx finds this term ironic; ‘free labour’ refers to the legal right of the individual to enter a labour

Internet Technology Star Bus Topology

Question: Discuss about the Internet Technology for Star Bus Topology. Answer: 1: Advantage and disadvantage of Star, bus and mesh topology with real life example Topology Advantage Disadvantage Examples Star a. If a node in the star topology fails it does not hamper the whole system. b. Data sent from one node to the other reaches the destination through the hub. c. It is easy to add or remove new nodes in the system. d. All the nodes are connected with the central hub and thus it is easy to monitor the network (Haque et al., 2013). a. All the nodes are dependent on the central hub and thus if it fails the whole network would collapse (Jiang, 2015). b. The use of the hub, router or switch as the central device increases the cost of the network. c. Addition and performance of node in the network depends on the capacity of the central device. It is used in buildings and offices Bus a. It is the appropriate topology for small networks and LANs b. The setup of the bus topology requires less effort. c. Less cables are required and thus it decreases the cost. a. All the nodes are connected with a single cable and if it fails the whole network shut down. b. The performance of the network decreases with the addition of new nodes in the network. c. Security is much less as all the nodes can access each other. It is used for local LANs with less nodes connected in series. Mesh a. This type of network is designed to handle high traffic. b. The device of the mesh topology can communicate with different nodes at a time (Jiang, 2015). c. The data can be transmitted through different paths and thus if a path fails then the data can be transmitted using an alternative path. a. The maintenance cost of this type of network is very high as compared with the other topologies. b. Chances of redundancy in the network is also higher. c. The overall costing of this type of network is high as more cables are needed (Haque et al., 2013). The mesh topology can be use in regional offices where high speed LANs are connected to every office. 2: In case of OSI model, it is a protocol independent model that acts as a gateway between the user and the internet network. On the contrary, the TCP/IP is a protocol that governs the connection between the hosts over any network. The transport layer of OSI model guarantees the delivery of the data packets over the internet network. On the contrary the TCP model does not guarantee the delivery of the data packets from the sender to receiver (Alani, 2014). In OSI models, protocols are hidden and can be easily replaced by the other protocols with the change of the technologies, whereas replacing the protocols in TCP/IP model is not an easy task. The OSI model clearly separates the interfaces, services and communication protocols that helps the users to find out the errors in case of any failure (Alhamedi et al., 2014). On the contrary a TCP/IP model does not separate the different layers clearly which makes it complex for the user to find out the point of error in any failure. Observing all the above reasons, it can be said that OSI model is user friendly and clearly separated reference model for data transmission than the TCP/IP model. The reason behind the lesser popularity of OSI: The TCP/IP model is considered to be simpler model than the OSI model due to the lesser number layers in the whole protocol. In addition to this, TCP/IP is adopted as more credible model, since the internet was developed depending on the standards described in TCP model (Alani, 2014). On contrary, as the internet is not developed around the standards of OSI model. Therefore, the OSI model is not able to take over the TCP/IP model and remains as a guidance tool. 3: The formula for channel capacity is given by, C=B log2 (1+SNR) C=3.5*106*7.066 C=24.73Mbps. Therefore, the bit-rate is 24.73 Mbps. Signal level C = 2* Bw *log2 L log2 L=C/(2*BW) log2 L=24/ (2*3.5)=3.4285 L=10.767 4: Private addressing in IPv4 and IPv6: The private addresses are those IP addresses which are not directly connected with the internet. In IPv4, the IP addresses are 32 bit long, and are represented in dotted decimal notation. To make this address understandable to the users these addresses are broken into octets or bytes. In contrast with it, the IP addresses are 128 bit long in IPv6 addressing therefore, the space and number of IPs to assign to the users is much higher than IPv4 addressing. Therefore it would not be necessary for the network administrators to assign private addresses inside a local or organizational network. The network devices like routers do not have any functionality in networks other than the passing the data packets to the next node (Ali, 2012). This will also help in assigning IP addresses of the devices that reside inside the same network by eliminating the chances of clashes between them. Range of IPv4 and IPv6 addresses: For IPv4 the range of the addresses is 232 IP addresses. On the other hand the range of the IPv6 addresses is 2128 bits. Even though the private addresses are used several times, but this would not result into conflict, since this IP addresses are non-routable. In addition to this, when a data packet is delivered from clients router to its internet service providers gateway, then the private IP address of the client gets removed from the data packets and is replaced by the public IP of the internet service provider (Mshangi, 2014). To the outer internet network it seems that, the user is using the distinct public IP and hence the clashes between the same private IP addresses are avoided. 5: Diagram describing the stages of POP3 6: Distributed hash table: A distributed hash table can be defined as a class of distributed systems that helps in the look up services that is similar to a hash table. Data is stored in pairs of (key, value) inside a DHT (Chmaj Latifi, 2013). A node in the network can retrieve the desired value for a provided key. Mainly this algorithm is used in P2P systems, distributed file systems and web caching. The working mechanism of DHT in P2P systems: Every connected node in the network or the system handles a part of the hash table and is responsible for storing a certain number of keys. When a certain key is searched in the network as well as in the hash table, the system will return the required value related to the key. In case of DHT each connected node acts like both client and server for the requests (Fujiwara, Newman Yao, 2013). The DHT tables helps the nodes to put the get their requested files on the network. Example of Application of DHT in P2P torrent applications: Today the most successful use of the DHT is utilized in Torrent applications. In this case the IP addresses are stored in the DHT, using infohash as the related key. Therefore when a GET requested is originated for a file in the network, then this DHT algorithm searches the whole table and returns a set of IP addresses as a result of the search (Chmaj Latifi, 2013). References Alani, M. M. (2014).Guide to OSI and TCP/IP models. Springer. Alhamedi, A. H., Snasel, V., Aldosari, H. M., Abraham, A. (2014, July). Internet of things communication reference model. InComputational Aspects of Social Networks (CASoN), 2014 6th International Conference on(pp. 61-66). IEEE. Ali, A. N. A. (2012). Comparison study between IPV4 IPV6.International Journal of Computer Science Issues,9(3), 314-317. Atwell, H., McManus, D. J., Carr, H. H. (2013). The OSI Model and the Seven Chakras of Hinduism: A Comparative Analysis.International Journal of Applied,3(3). Chmaj, G., Latifi, S. (2013). Decentralization of a multi data source distributed processing system using a distributed hash table.Int'l J. of Communications, Network and System Sciences,6(10), 451. Fujiwara, K., Newman, C., Yao, J. (2013). Post Office Protocol Version 3 (POP3) Support for UTF-8. Haque, M. E., Zain, M. F. M., Hannan, M. A., Jamil, M., Johari, H. (2013). Loss monitoring of star topology sensor network based on scheduling algorithm for assessing structural health information.American Journal of Applied Sciences,10(12), 1484. Jiang, R. (2015). A review of Network Topology. Mshangi, M. (2014). Using Soft Systems Methodology and Activity Theory to Exploit Security of Web Applications against Heartbleed Vulnerability.International Journal of Computing ICT Research,8(2). Normand, J. (2013). Intrusion Detection Systems: An Investigation of Evaluation Corpora.

Lord of the Flies Nature of Man free essay sample

Lord of the Flies: The Nature of Man William Golding’s Lord of the Flies is a gritty allegory of adolescence, innocence, and the unspoken side of human nature. Countless social issues are portrayed, however one of the most reoccurring is the nature of man. Throughout the novel there is an ever-present focus on the loss of innocence amongst the boys, shown by the deterioration of social skills and their retrogression into a barbaric form of society. Also portrayed is the juxtaposition of a cruel, evil main character and a more classically good counterpart, and their eternal rivalry for power and authority over their younger subjects. Does society or the lack thereof create evil in human nature, or simply magnify a pre-existing condition? The protagonists of the novel are all boys no older than preteens, all from presumably wealthy backgrounds. When they first arrive on the island, they have a youthful innocence and naivety that wears thin as their isolation continues, turning trust into doubt and ultimately pitting them against each other. We will write a custom essay sample on Lord of the Flies Nature of Man or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As they begin to realize that there is no longer anyone enforcing the rules they lived by for so long, they begin to break what is left of society’s hold on them and search for ways to alienate themselves from conformity: â€Å"Denied the sustaining and repressing authority of parents, church, and state, they form a new culture the development of which reflects that of the genuine primitive society, evolving its gods and demons (its myths), its rituals and taboos (its social norms). (Rosenfield 1). They accomplish this through disrespecting their newly appointed authority figure, Ralph, along with other obscenities such as defecating where they please and participating in violent rituals to release built up rage. As the savagery of their once playful hunts increases, so does their disillusionment with their former ways, drawing them further from the schoolboy demeanor they once had. The prospect of killing a living creature becomes tantalizing to the boys, slowly manifesting into not only a drastic change in behavior, but also a dramatic physical change amongst the formerly refined choir boys. By covering themselves in body paint and disregarding any form of personal hygiene, these young boys begin to morph into savages. They hide behind the masks, creating new identities for themselves in an attempt to avoid the possible repercussions of their actions: â€Å"And the mask was a thing on its own, behind which Jack hid, liberated from shame and self-consciousness. (Golding 64). In this sense, they still posses enough integrity to understand that what they are doing is not only morally wrong but goes against the rules put in place by their newly appointed leader. However, they have been so deeply affected by their new found freedom that they disregard their morals and blindly follow urges and desires that their former society forced them to repress. At first, Jack shows hesitation in killing an animal, and despite the perfect opportunity he is unable to follow through. As time progresses, he represses those doubts and insecurities, allowing himself to become a barbaric killer, hunting for joy as opposed to purely out of need, as though embracing his true intentions: â€Å"To acknowledge the presence of this darkness in one’s own heart is a necessary but devastating condition of growing up, of becoming fully and yet flawedly human. † (Boyd 1). He then proceeds to lead a younger group of boys away from Ralph, who represents integrity and the upholding of society’s standards, and into a violent, lawless tribe. Jack, the narcissistic antagonist, represents the new found lawlessness the boys crave to embrace. In comparison, Ralph represents the familiar, comfortable, lawful society that the young boys have known their entire lives. Jack arrives on the island with obvious character flaws, which develop throughout the novel as the world around him deteriorates. They have grown up living in a similar fashion to that of Ralph’s tribe, therefore in this new found paradise the desire to rebel runs strongly enough to drive them to near utter chaos. Jack, negatively portrayed in comparison to Ralph, tempts the boys with an array of forbidden treats, indulging their most violent, suppressed desires in an attempt to lull them away from the security of Ralph. In a sense, Jack is negatively compared to Ralph throughout the novel, and is often portrayed as confused and violent, very aware of the evil inside of him: â€Å"The real problem that arises among the boys involves their own inner nature†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Johnston 2). When his plan fails, Jack feels as though his seat of power is threatened and therefore resorts to terrorizing, threatening and essentially forcing the boys to join him and align themselves against Ralph, alienating them from their former, comfortable life-style and thus making what they once failed to appreciate all the more desirable. Once these boys join Jack’s tribe, they are forced to follow his orders, committing heinous atrocities against their former friends in a desperate attempt to avoid the physical punishment Jack inflicts on those who disobey him. Jack rules his subjects through fear and intimidation, and yet lures them in by playing on hidden desires unbeknownst to them. Jack is often shown acting cruel and menacing towards the other boys, however is he also shown as being self-conscious and a bit insecure: â€Å"Boys are desperate to distract from their own helplessness and do so by projecting their fear of subjection onto an even weaker other. While bullying appears as a reliable strategy of expressing ones superior masculine composure, a self-conscious admission of fear would threaten their integrity as boys. (Schoene-Harwood 3). In a way, Jack knows his subjects better than they know themselves, while at the same time he is oblivious to their distrust and false intentions. In reality, Jack has one truly loyal, model subject, who believes in similar ideals and misbehaves in similar fashions. Roger, Jack’s sadistic partner, is ultimately the one who murders Piggy, a member of Ralph’s group. Piggy symbolizes i ntelligence, something many of the younger boys lack, purely due to their age. Also, Piggy is overweight and in need of glasses, causing the fit boys to look down upon him, perceiving themselves as better purely due to their physical nature and attempting to hide their insecurities over Piggy’s superior intellectual capabilities. These differences alienate Piggy from the others, leaving him unappreciated, and although Jack is the antagonist, Ralph is able to relate to Jack more so than he is to Piggy. The murder of Piggy however, ultimately draws the line between Jack and Ralph, finally forcing them to face off in a battle to the death, initiated by Jack: â€Å"The water boiled white and pink over the rock; and when it went, sucking back again, the body of Piggy was gone. This time the silence was complete. Ralph’s lips formed a word but no sound came. † (Golding 181). After Piggy’s untimely death, Ralph finally comes to the realization of the strength of the friendship between them, and the numerous abuses Piggy suffered at his own hand. From the beginning of the novel, Roger is always testing the boundaries of society’s rules, exhibiting the classic behavior of a paranoid sadist: â€Å"Roger stooped, picked up a stone, aimed, and threw it at Henry- threw it to miss. †¦ Roger gathered a handful of stones and began to throw them. † (Golding 62). He desires to inflict pain and suffering on those around him, however he has lived in a conforming, regulated society for far too long. At first, he is apprehensive about the repercussions of his malignant actions, however as he grows closer to Jack, he gradually becomes more open, violent and obscene, ultimately resulting in the death of Piggy. Roger’s violent urges can be traced back to far before the other boys were openly abusing each other, allowing the reader to believe that he was simply born with evil intentions, which were increasingly repressed by society until they were finally allowed to break free and manifest on this biblical paradise island. The island upon which these adolescents are stranded enables them to break free of the restrictions of their former society and release their most repressed desires. In some cases, this resulted in cruel, sadistic actions and incomparable crimes of jealousy, rage and hatred. However in other cases this resulted in a desire for order, in addition to the attempted restoration of regulations that were prominent in the society that they were so familiar with.

The Global Environment and the Accounting Profession Essay Example

The Global Environment and the Accounting Profession Paper This impact comes from the creased amount of spending that people are doing due to the higher unemployment rates, higher inflation and interest rates and overall lack of finances. Because of this it has been causing a huge strain on accountants, as they are seeing revenues decrease and costs increase. There have been some signs that the economy is on the mend and there have been some slow improvement with the unemployment rate, but it is still a huge work in progress and it will likely take a lot more time to get completely back on track. Problem Statement For over a decade the economy has been a constant concern for most of the world. It has decreased the amount of jobs available and it has caused a serious decrease in the amount of financial spending being done by everyone, as it has gotten to where people would rather save their money for the more important things. This has taken its toll on the accounting profession. Accountants are seeing less business, as it has become easier and cheaper to use other methods for completion of taxes. With the decreases in income this will probably continue to be true. Since they are seeing a decrease in business, it is causing a financial strain on them as well. We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Environment and the Accounting Profession specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Environment and the Accounting Profession specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Environment and the Accounting Profession specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Overhead expenses for operating the businesses are increasing, so without he income coming in, it is causing difficulties. There are ways to help with this problem and in turn help avoid some of the strain and difficulty that they are seeing and dealing with. I will discuss some different solutions that could be utilized later in this paper. Comparison Throughout the accounting profession there are a few other major issues that also affect the profession as a whole. A couple of them are new financial reporting guidelines and retaining current clientele. Financial reporting standards have become a lot stricter since the scandals in the early sacs that rocked the accounting profession. The accounting profession has seen a lot of new guidelines that they must abide by or there are severe consequences and penalties. One of the regulations that must be followed is the formation of a board that is in charge of reviewing and auditing statements. Upper management, such as the CEO and SCOFF are also to sign off on any and all financial statements that they complete. This will hold them accountable for all information that they report. Having both of these guidelines in place has made the accounting field better from an honestly stand point, and has also made it easier to reprimand any financial snootiest on anyones part. With everything that is going on with the economy accountants are seeing a decrease in the amount of clients that they are seeing. This is due to there being other less expensive methods for completing taxes and business finances. Turbo Tax and H;R online are two of the programs that can be bought or downloaded in order to complete required financial business, and at a fraction of the cost of going to an accountant. And even as the economy improves, it still might continue to be an issue for accounting practices. Consumers today are in the mind set of peeping as much of their money as they are able to, and only spending it on the objects and services that are absolutely necessary. And unfortunately, seeing an accountant is not one of the items at the top of most consumers lists since they feel that they can now do the work themselves with the new software available for the public to purchase. Impacts The biggest impact that accounting firms are seeing is the decrease in clientele. With all of the available software that can be bought or downloaded, consumers and small business are not in as big of a need for an accountant as they have been in the past years. This is partly due to businesses and consumers viewing it as a luxury item and not a necessity. The economy has also affected how the audit funds of companies are directed. A lot of companies are moving their resources in order to cover any risks that have risen from the down economy. Therefore, this has led to a smaller budget for audit services within a company. With the various budget cuts, some companies have had to reduce the number of auditors that they staff as well as review the external auditors that are used. Consequences Currently there is a larger supply of accountants than there is for the emends of accounting services. If the economy does not improve, then one of the biggest consequences that will be seen is the lack of qualified individuals in the accounting field. You could see less college students getting degrees in the accounting filed due to the current lack of jobs that are available for graduating students. This would turn into a major issue when the economy would finally improve as there would not be anyone to fill the needed accounting and auditing positions. And again, loss of jobs would be a consequence of the downward economy. With the loss of clientele there is sees revenue coming in, which then leads to job cuts within organizations. A lot of companies have seen downsizing lately, and the unemployment rate has seen drastic increases in the past years because of it. Research on Issue When researching the issues, qualitative research should be performed. This type of research method helps with getting quality information rather than just a bunch of data that may or may not be of any use. One of the easiest ways to research the impacts of the downward economy is to do a survey. A survey of companies who are downsizing is the first place to start. By looking t who is eliminating accounting positions, it will help to give a better idea of how hard the accounting profession has been hit. Another way a survey could be used for research is to see your current clientà ¨les opinion on the services being rendered as well at the current pricing. This could also help to determine how many people and companies now feel that they can do the work themselves in house verses paying a professional to do the work. Research reasons The reason would choose to use surveys for the research method is because it is easy, inexpensive and less time consuming. Surveys are also useful cause you are able to take a sample of the population in order to get your findings. Plus finding out what customers want can be extremely beneficial and possibly make it easier to find ways to bring in new clients. Relevant Information The information that is most relevant to the research that is being performed is what effect the global economy is having on the accounting field. Until the global economy gets turned back around, the accounting industry will continue to struggle since most people deem it as a luxury. With the global market expanding and companies moving operations overseas, the accounting profession is having to adjust and make some changes so that accounting professionals satisfy the new needs and requirements. All of these changes are making it so that GAP is not as dominant as it once was in this country. There has also been an increase in the amount of management accountants that are being utilized as becoming competitive in todays market is vital for all companies. And by using management accounting it is making it easier to enhance financial performance. It is also important that accounting professionals are aware of what they need to do in order to stay p to date and be able to succeed in the fast changing global market. It is the belief that when it comes to financial reporting, that it is in the best interest of everyone and public interest to develop a set of universal rules and regulations that consist of high-quality standards. Having a new set of rules that are recon sized and utilized globally will make it easier to maintain the interests of the global community. GAP has always been deemed as the highest-quality set of guidelines and regulations in the world. But even though that is true, they have not exactly been accepted globally. And because of the quickly evolving global economy, it has become possible for other standards to assume a level of importance that is set to possibly surpass GAP. The changes in guidelines have produced three implications for accountants in the US. The first one is that the rules of GAP have changed and will continue to change as needed so that international standards continue to be covered. The second implication is that international accounting is going to quickly become more relevant and GAP will decrease in relevance with the domestic companies as well as global. And he last implication is that accounts in the US will be at a severe disadvantage to the international accountants who have more time learning and adjusting to the new guidelines. Managerial accountants have typically not been in as high of demand and financial accountants. This is because the US used to have such a big global market and little competition from other countries. But here of late there has been a surge of global competition and there has been pressure on the US to start utilizing the talents of managerial accountants to see where improvements can be made and how they compare to other companies globally. They are interested in ways to improve the business based on how factors outside the control of the company, rather than just the financial side of the business. There has become a strong movement to get the set of international financial reporting standards (FIRS). The goal is to get this accomplished so that there is only one set of globally accepted accounting standards for everyone to follow and abide by. This thought has gained the approval and motivation by such organizations as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the World Bank. The international financial reporting standards are currently being used in over 00 countries globally. It was stated by 201 1 the international financial reporting standards WOUld be used by almost everyone globally. One of the biggest results from implementing these standards is the benefit of an increase in global capitol, and higher confidence in the global economy. With the global world being like it is, it gives more opportunities for international students to come to the US to attend school and major in accounting. This can be looked at as both a good thing and a bad thing. A benefit of it is that they can go back home and share what they have learned and implement it into their accounting practice. However, any international students who may choose to stay and work here in the US will create an off supply and demand in the job market, as the more accountants that there are, the fewer jobs that will be available. And because of the global market flourishing as it has been, accounting careers in the future are dependent on having enough knowledge and education. There is also a chance that if they work for one of the big international companies, accountants need to be prepared to work in an international workplace. The International Accounting Standards Committee is in charge of setting the global principles. The main idea was to determine a set of guidelines that could be adapted by those countries that did not have a set already to abide by. And over the last decade the majority of countries in the world have adapted to international accounting guidelines. One of the biggest downsides for countries to accept the new set of guidelines is that they will lose any of the traditional ways that they had been using. Another downside to making the transition is the cost to do so. The costs can be incurred when the companies bring in outside accountants to ensure that they are following the guidelines correctly. And any county that changes to he new guidelines will have the financial cost of passing new legislation for it as well as passing on the changes to all businesses and their stock market. And last, there is the cost for business for them to have to train everyone to the new principles, as well as additional costs for all universities who will have to add the appropriate curriculum. Based on these articles, they say a lot of the same information, and some take the issue into a different direction. But the overall thought for all of them is that the accounting profession is ever changing and we will all be using the same guidelines and regulations. This recess is not a quick one and is time and cost consuming, but in the end will be worth all of the hassle and headaches. The insight to adding more managerial accountants will be beneficial for new up and coming accountants as well as any current managerial accountants. Factors Up until now there have been differences when it came to financial reporting. But now there is an international consensus that the financial reporting should consist of only high quality, consistent financial information that can best serve the needs of the investors. Within the last ten years there has been a merging of global accounting practices. And with this there have been several factors that have contributed to the merge. The first one is that large, multi-national businesses have started to apply standards from the county that they originate in. This can help to allow more than one approach be applied to an issue in a manner that is consistent with such guidelines as GAP. The second factor is that is has been encouraged of the SASS to develop specific guidelines that would allow transparent financial reporting that can be applied consistently globally. The last factor is that regulators and setters for national accounting standards continue to look for approached for eating accounting standards that are as consistent as those of other setters. Some of the national standard setters participate in global projects in order to have a bigger range for accounting issues. Causes There are several reasons that could pin point the cause of all oftenest issues. One reason is because the United States did not pay a lot of attention to the companies that they competed with in the global market, as they didnt see a lot of competition from anyone. However, by the time that the assays hit, the United States was at a major disadvantage to the companies globally who had en working to enhance their competitive edge due to necessity. Another cause is due to the normal accounting style that was usually taken by American businesses which was not centered around being a team or being up to date on information. Instead of making logical, information based decisions, they were going with gut feelings or personal feelings. This led to a lot of business issues and changes in the way that managers ran companies and organizations. This researcher has read a lot of articles about this particular topic and have found some more reasons for the causes and effects of the global economy. One of the biggest reasons that was found that it stems from the governments of country who enact all of the rules that tell everyone how and when they can do business and how they are to report all of their finances. And with each additional year, more and more regulations are put into place in order to protect their shareholders and investors, consumers and employees. However, with all of these regulations that are put into place to protect investors and everyone else, the companys and businesses are not protected. Now an upside to all of this is that with GAP and FIRS merging together, there is a higher demand for professionals o fill the accounting and financial needs just to keep up with all of the regulations. One Of the biggest causes for this situation is based on all of the corporate scandals and financial crises that we have seen up to this point. Because of these, rules and regulations have become stricter in the financial sections of business. Along with this, lending standards have become a lot tighter which then leads to an increase in audits, leading to proof of a companys credit worthiness. With the changes in standards, it is also producing new curriculum in colleges and universities in order to meet the emend for the new graduates in the accounting and finance fields. This researcher plans to measure the current state by looking into the practices of our business and see the methods that are currently being used and if they are adhering to the guidelines that have been put in front of them. With the way businesses are changing for globalization, we need to make sure that we have a good managerial accounting practices as well as financial accounting practices. We need to make sure that we are looking at what our opportunities are for our company and watch what our competitors are doing ore closely, so that we can keep an upper hand on our market share. We need to do our research and make sure that we are making informed decisions that are best for our company and not relying on what we think might be a good idea. We need to make sure that we are planning ahead and budgeting accordingly so that we can make the right choices to advance Our companys global presence. All of these things will help us to be a more global company and stay ahead of the curve in our markets. This researcher would measure the success of the solution by analyzing the changes that have been made and compare them against where they should be at. The methods would also be analyzed to ensure that they are still being utilized and that they are working correctly. There would also be a committee set up to monitor periodically to ensure that the guidelines are still working and being followed. Data Collection When the collection of data is done, this researcher will be analyzing it to see how well the company is taking to the new accounting procedures as well as if everything is being followed as expected. When implementing new rules and regulations, it is vital to ensure that they are understood completely and that there are not any issues remaining that need to be taken care of. For the data collection for before and after the new regulations and procedures there will be a few methods that will be utilized that will be helpful in getting the information that is needed. The methods that will be utilized are surveys, interview and observation. A survey can be used to find out what the feelings are for the methods that were currently being used prior to the new regulations and procedures. Surveys are also a good tool that can be used to see how the employees and upper management are feeling with the comfort of the new procedures as well as any areas that they personally feel that they loud use help with. The interview process, like the survey, is also a great tool for seeing how everyone is feeling before and the new regulations are implemented. But interviews are a little more in depth when compared to surveys, and researchers can go beyond the survey questions and get more detailed on how the employees are feeling about everything. And lastly, observation is key to seeing first-hand how everything is being handled. By using observation, it is possible to see how well the regulations are being implemented and if they are going as well as stated in the interviews and revues. When this researcher went to analyze the data, all of the information collected from before and after the implementation of the regulations and was organized and prepared. The information was looked at to see how effective the prior methods were with the business functions. This gave an idea of what the strengths and weaknesses were, and where they were at. After that information was analyzed and documented, the data for the methods used after the new procedures were put into place was looked at. With this information, strengths and weaknesses were also analyzed and tote so that they could be discussed with management. Research analysis Once the research has been completed, a data analysis plan will be decided and this researcher will analyze and organize the information so that it can be reviewed with the company later on. It is extremely important to analyze the findings very carefully to ensure that everything is looked at and thoroughly examined. This information is what important business decisions are based on as well as future ideas for improvement and expansion. These results can also be used as an example for other businesses that are going thought the AMA process. After analyzing the collected information, this researcher found that the company worked well with the prior accounting procedures and everyone who was involved with using them were very skilled with the methods. The new regulations and procedures took a lot of training and teaching to get everyone doing the same thing. After observing the new procedures in place, this researcher found that everyone involved was able to make a smooth transition, and have since been able to abide by the new rules without much incident. It is the opinion of this researcher that this company s ready to move forward with the new plan in place and the future of the accounting with this company well on its way to being compliant. Ethical Concerns A company being ethical is one of the smartest things that they can do. Having actions and behaviors that are deemed appropriate will help to ensure that the company maintains a good outlook with the community, because one of the fastest things to go for a company who is not honest is their reputation. Having a reputation of being unethical can also have effects on other companies who feel that they could be affected by the bad publicity ND unethical reputation. An example of this is Enron. After the scandal in 2001 their reputation took a drastic nose dive and they have not been looked at the same since. The first big ethical issue that we see with globalization is problems with jobs. Jobs in first world countries such as the US have seen a decrease in the number Of positions that are available. O jobs require laborers and manual labor are seeing a lot of their jobs going overseas to third world countries where it is cheaper to have the work done. This in turn causes hardships on the workers in this country and other first world countries. Natural resources are a really big ethical issue that is in desperate need of being addressed. With all of the manufacturing, production and every other business that is being operated in this world, the natural resources that are needed to make them run are quickly becoming depleted, as the ecological capacity is not sufficient enough to maintain it. Also, the tropical rainforests are being cut down so that they can be used for fuel and pastured for cattle grazing. With the loss of the tropical rainforests, it is having a huge effect on the entire plants oxygen levels. The third big ethical issue that stems room globalization is the health issues that can result from it With the fact that traveling around the world from country to county, it is leading to the easier spreading of highly infectious diseases. Of course this issue isnt a new one as diseases have been spread like this since the Black Death in the 14th century. An example of a disease today that has been an issue is the swine flu, which has been spread through air travel. The last major ethical issue that is a result of globalization is financial issues. Because the world is becoming increasingly globalizes, there is a rapidly growing global market ND financial interdependency between countries. The US has also seen a collapse in the supreme mortgage, which ultimately had a worldwide effect which included depression. It is extremely important to identify the ethical concerns that may arise at some point. A company needs to be aware of where any issues that they have lie so that they can be taken care of before they get out of hand. It is also important to know what issues are possible so that the company can work to prevent those problems from happening. This can also be beneficial because if a company is aware of the biggest usual ethics issues, then it is possible that they could also be able to spot the little ones as well. The relationship between globalization and the ethical concerns are that all of those four topics are commonly found during this process. With the expansion of companies overseas, they typically look at the ways that they can save money, and therefore make more money. And the concerns that have come up are several of the ways that this can be accomplished for them. It is an unfortunate situation, but it is happening with a lot of countries and a lot of companies. The ethical concerns have a deep impact because whichever direction they go will have profound implications. If they proceed with the issues that are a concern and there are job losses or cause further depletions in natural resources, then it looks badly on the company and they get bad reputation. However, if the fix any issues that prevents the concerns from taking place then they get a great reputation of being an ethical company and continue to look great to the public and shareholders. This company has taken appropriate steps in order to try to lessen the ethical issues. Such Steps include recycling paper, bottles and NAS, and conserving energy. This step will help with the depletion of natural resources, as these steps aide in that effort. When it comes to the health issues, vaccinations are required as well as limiting the amount of overseas travel that takes place. This action will help with the spread of any diseases that could come over from other countries. After observing and researching the steps and efforts, it has been discovered that the efforts have been successful and the company is doing a great job with limiting any ethical concerns that could be had. This researcher, after analyzing and evaluating he steps and efforts put forward by this company feel that the rules, regulations and procedures have begun to be implemented successfully and this company is abiding accordingly. Also after researching the ethical concerns of this company and the steps that have been taken have also shown that they are not a lot of risk of concern. This researcher feels that this company is in a place that keeps them in good standing with the public as well as their stockholders. Conclusions The new methods that have been put into place have been successful and the employees are working well with them. The company has had workshops for he workers to train them with the new procedures and regulations and there has been a lot of Success seen. A couple more training sessions have been set, so that any residual issues can be taken care of and any last minute issues or questions can be answered. The progression with the recycling has also been successful and the company is also looking at other ways to save energy and resources. There are also steps that have been put into place that will help to maintain a low risk of unethical behaviors and concerns. A mandatory rule has also been implemented requiring anyone who travels for ark to have a yearly flu shot as well as any other immunization that may be necessary. This has made a huge difference with the amount of people who are sick as well as the viruses that are being spread to everyone. There are a couple of changes that can be made in order to ease the transition of globalization. The first change that can be made is the way competition is viewed. In order to stay competitive in the global market this company will need to look at how products are made and sold. One of the first things that can be analyzed with this how the companys pricing compares with those of intention in the market. By looking at this pricing can be altered if necessary. The quality of product compared to others on the market can also be looked at. This is one of the biggest and most important aspects that can make or break a product and can give a company a competitive edge. The next change that can be made has to do with technology. With globalization, technology has become a necessity. And with that, companies have to stay up to date with the newest and best technology that is on the market.